F1 nonimmigrant student. Feb 13, 2025 · It is a non-immigrant student visa.

F1 nonimmigrant student. Aug 19, 2025 · In all cases, the student must fully comply with all applicable requirements of the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). See detailed insights on F-1 and M-1 visas, eligibility criteria, application steps, and more. This visa allows foreign students to enroll in accredited academic institutions, such as universities, colleges, high schools, or language training programs, and participate in full-time study Mar 11, 2024 · The Secretary is taking action to provide relief to these Venezuelan students who are in lawful F-1 nonimmigrant student status, so the students may request employment authorization, work an increased number of hours while school is in session, and reduce their course load while continuing to maintain their F-1 nonimmigrant student status. The F-1 application process involves completing the online Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160, and scheduling an interview at a U. Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status” When you are accepted into a Student and Exchange Visitor Program-certified school, the designated school official will issue you one of two forms: The Form I-20, "Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (F-1) Student Status – For Academic and Language Students. Dec 27, 2024 · An F1 visa is a non-immigrant visa issued to international students who wish to pursue academic studies or language training programs in the US. The F1 visa is intended for full-time students who wish to pursue a degree or academic course in the U. The following table shows where students can locate their "Authorized to Work Until" date for Nov 25, 2024 · Individuals in a nonimmigrant status that prohibits enrolling in school must first acquire F-1 (academic student) or M-1 (vocational student) status. In the United States, the F visas are a type of non- immigrant student visa that allows foreigners to pursue education (academic studies and/or language training programs) in the United States. This visa is ideal for those who wish to enroll in accredited U. Jul 2, 2025 · The F1 visa is a non-immigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to pursue academic studies at U. Learn about 2025 requirements, step-by-step application instructions, and expert tips to study in the US. Feb 7, 2025 · Explore whether F1 students receive an Alien Registration Number and understand the nuances of nonimmigrant identification. It enables foreign nationals to attend schools, colleges, universities, and other SEVP-approved institutions while residing lawfully in the US. (U) A prospective student must have a Form I-20, Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status, issued by an SEVP-certified school to be issued an F-1 or M-1 student visa. in school the event graduated various F-1 nonimmigrant of strike affecting students, including those employment, F-1 visa holders have options. To learn more, please see the Students and Exchange Visitors Program page on the U. A nonimmigrant student may be admitted into the United States in nonimmigrant status under section 101 (a) (15) (F) of the Introduction Nonimmigrant Study Chart Discussion Conclusion Introduction In May of 2015, the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE’s) Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) released a very useful chart outlining which classes of nonimmigrants are permitted to study in the United States. Aug 15, 2024 · What Is the F-1 Student Visa? An F-1 student visa is for students who want to attend school full time and complete an academic program in the United States. Dec 6, 2020 · Many people who are already in the US in a nonimmigrant status decide that they would like to enroll in school. Aug 5, 2021 · F1 visa is a popular non-immigrant visa status for international students who want to pursue full-time academic courses with any U. Admission of student — Eligibility for admission. This policy permitted nonimmigrant students to take more online courses than normally permitted by federal regulation to maintain their nonimmigrant status during the COVID-19 emergency. status does program not require visa holders 214. Sep 10, 2025 · 1. Which are the F-1, J1, or M1 nonimmigrant visas. In certain cases, an F1 student may seek reinstatement of status after falling out of status and include F2 derivatives in the reinstatement application. The reports below contain preliminary data which are subject to change. Once the Form I-20 is issued, the student may use the document to obtain F-1 or M-1 nonimmigrant status. It covers levels from elementary school to university and graduate school, including other degrees. These schools must be authorized by the United States government to enroll foreign or international students. Jul 6, 2020 · Due to COVID-19, SEVP instituted a temporary exemption regarding online courses for the spring and summer semesters. for as long as he or she is: A full-time student (enrolled in at least 12 credits per semester) and is making satisfactory progress toward a degree at the school he or she is approved to attend. The U. on a valid visa but considering entering a U. In this article, we will reproduce the chart and examine key points from the Students Prospective and current F or M students can use information and resources on this page to learn about the process for becoming a nonimmigrant student and the rules for studying in the United States as an nonimmigrant student. ” Once accepted into a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school, nonimmigrant students will receive a Form I-20 from their designated school official (DSO). Answers to frequently asked questions about on- and off-campus employment are included below (click a button to jump to the content). This visa Mar 31, 2025 · The F1 visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows international students to pursue full-time academic studies at an academic institution, including accredited colleges, universities, or other educational establishments in the United States. Learn how to fill out your F-1 visa application and which fees to expect. citizen or dependent of a fiancé (K nonimmigrant visa) Informant (and accompanying family) on terrorism or organized crime (S nonimmigrant visa) If you are a vocational student (M-1), you may not apply to change your status to a (n): Jun 24, 2025 · What is a I-20 form? This important form enables international students to pay their I-901 SEVIS fee, apply for a nonimmigrant visa at the nearest US embassy or consulate, and travel to the US. on F-1 immigration status. There are two nonimmigrant visa categories for persons wishing to study in the United States. 1. After the first academic year, F-1 students may seek off-campus employment through a variety of programs. Here’s a closer look at its purpose and key features: 1. F1 students can stay in the US as long as they are enrolled in a private elementary school, high school, college, university, seminary What is an F1 visa? An F1 visa is a nonimmigrant visa for those wishing to study in the U. Furthermore, the authority to issue or revoke visas for nonimmigrant students lies with the Department of State, not SEVP. Jun 10, 2025 · An F1 visa is a non-immigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to study in the United States. Explore the F1 visa, admission requirements, and pathways to permanent residency. It allows international students to study in the USA. Department of State offers the F-1 Student Visa, a nonimmigrant visa category, to people who want to study academic or language in the country. What is the F1 Visa? The F1 Visa is a non-immigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to enter the United States and study at accredited academic institutions, including universities, colleges, high schools, and language training programs. a. Embassy or Consulate. The F1 visa is a non-immigrant visa, meaning that it is designed for individuals who are coming to the United States to study, not to seek permanent residency or work. This Dec 22, 2024 · What is the Form I-20? The Form I-20, formally called the Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status, is a 3 page document given to nonimmigrants who intend to study in the United States on an F-1 student visa or an M-1 student visa. It is designed for students enrolled in full-time programs at SEVP-approved (Student and Exchange Visitor Program) institutions. What is a U. Immigration and Customs Enforcement website. Definition and Purpose F1 student visa are required for students; these are issued for students who want to take courses like master’s or PhD programs, and the M1 visa is required for courses in schools or colleges for full-time study. Aug 11, 2025 · The F-1 student visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows international students to enter the US and study at institutions certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). Learn more about these specific differences by reviewing the F&M Student Status: Know the Difference infographic. colleges, universities, high schools, or other academic institutions. student visa essentials with FindLaw. Your course of study and the type of school you plan to attend determine whether you need an F visa or an M visa. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) uses to maintain information on Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified schools, F-1 and M-1 students who come to the United States to attend those schools, U. Early planning and staying informed are crucial. Duration of Status Regulations define the nonimmigrant student’s “duration of status” as the time during which an F-1 nonimmigrant is “pursuing a full course of study” at the approved educational institution Apr 2, 2025 · The US F1 Study Visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign students to enter the United States to pursue full-time studies at various educational institutions, including: Universities and Colleges (for Bachelor’s, Master’s, or PhD programs) High Schools Private Elementary Schools Seminaries Conservatories Language Training Programs Jul 22, 2025 · The Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status,” is a critical document for both nonimmigrant students who obtain an F or M visa for admittance into the United States Apr 2, 2013 · All F1 students must submit evidence of nonimmigrant status per RM 10211. You must file an F1 visa application if you plan on entering the US to attend a university or college (for a degree), high school, private elementary school, seminary, conservatory, language training program, or other academic institution. Feb 26, 2025 · Be bona fide students qualified to pursue a full course of study; Seek to enter the United States temporarily and solely for the purpose of pursuing such a course of study at an institution the U. However, all periods of pre-completion OPT will be deducted Dec 12, 2022 · The Secretary is taking action to provide relief to these Ethiopian students who are lawful F-1 nonimmigrant students so the students may request employment authorization, work an increased number of hours while school is in session, and reduce their course load while continuing to maintain their F-1 nonimmigrant student status. Jul 8, 2025 · You must have a current Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status,” endorsed for travel, and your DSO must be able to verify that your SEVIS record is accurate and up-to-date. Jul 11, 2025 · The F-1 student visa process in 2025 involves multiple steps, including obtaining Form I-20 from SEVP-approved institutions, paying the SEVIS fee, completing the DS-160 application, scheduling interviews under new social media checks, and maintaining legal status through travel and OPT rules. Aug 9, 2022 · 2025 F1 Visa Guide for International Students Navigate the F1 visa application process with ease. nonimmigrant visa is to complete your application. 2 F-1 & F-2 Visa F-1 Student Visa The F-1 visa is a type of non-immigrant student visa that allows non-immigrants to enter the U. Jan 1, 2025 · The question on every F1 student’s mind: Can I claim the 1098 T and take advantage of the tax benefits available to international students studying in the United States? The answer is not a simple yes or no, as it depends on several factors. Your guide to studying in the USA. Jun 18, 2025 · Under new guidance, we will conduct a comprehensive and thorough vetting, including online presence, of all student and exchange visitor applicants in the F, M, and J nonimmigrant classifications. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the nonimmigrant student (F and M) classifications, including USCIS’ role in the adjudication of applications for employment authorization and change or reinstatement of status to F or M classifications. 2(f)(14), entitled “Effect of strike or other labor regulations for F-1 academic students at Jun 24, 2025 · The DS-160 is the official student visa application form for international students. Whether you are planning to pursue a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree in the U. F-1 nonimmigrant: an international student in the United States to pursue a full course of academic or professional study (including a language training program) at an SEVP-certified school. Embassy or Consulate outside of the U. In this article, we’ll break down the eligibility criteria and provide a comprehensive guide to help F1 students understand their tax obligations and Oct 15, 2024 · An F-1 visa is a non-immigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to pursue full-time academic studies in the United States. institutions. Apr 11, 2024 · Discover the complete guide to F-1 visas for international students, covering eligibility, application process, maintaining status, employment, and life in the U. Jul 24, 2021 · J1 Visa is meant is a non - immigrant visa for research scholars and professors while an r f1 visa is meant who want to student in the USA. F-1 Immigration Status Information All international students attending Thiel College are in the U. It takes approximately 90 minutes to do this. Unlike other visa types, F-1 applicants must demonstrate their intent to return to their home country upon completing their studies. From understanding its requirements to navigating the application process, this guide provides everything you need to know about the F1 visa Introduction The F1 visa is a nonimmigrant visa for international students who are qualified to attend a full course of study at colleges, universities, conservatories, academic high schools (subject to strict regulations) and institutions with language-training programs in the U. It is recommended to apply early due to varying interview wait times based on location and season. As a non-immigrant visa, it is designed specifically for academic studies, but it comes with conditions and restrictions that must be Oct 3, 2024 · Before applying for an F-1 visa, you’ll need to be accepted by a US institution that is certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). Nonimmigrants who are attending school incidental to their primary purpose for being in the United States may attend the school of their choice either part-time or full-time (unless otherwise noted). Jun 17, 2025 · The F-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa that permits international students to enter the United States for full-time academic studies at accredited institutions. What is F-1 Non-Immigrant Status? A nonimmigrant is a foreign citizen who visits the United States for a temporary purpose – tourism, work, or study – and, when finished, leaves the United States. May 19, 2025 · The first step is to create and issue a Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Students (Form I-20), in accordance with the regulations located at 8 CFR 214. To maintain this special visa status, one needs to complete a full-time course, i. Feb 13, 2025 · It is a non-immigrant student visa. Only an SEVP-certified school can issue a Form I-20 to students who have been accepted for enrollment. Dec 11, 2024 · Employment Nonimmigrant students must comply with certain federal laws and regulations when seeking employment in the United States. The F-1 (F1) nonimmigrant visa category is for foreign students who want to study full time in the United States. Enrolling in a course of study while in a status that does not permit such activity will result in a status violation. F-1 visas are only issued in U. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) has certified to admit nonimmigrant students; Have a foreign residence, which they have no intention of Generally, foreign nationals who wish to travel to the United States must first obtain a visa, either a nonimmigrant visa for a temporary stay, or an immigrant visa for permanent residence. Student Visa? A U. The F-1 Student Visa is a non-immigrant visa specifically designed for individuals seeking to engage in academic studies in the United States. Jul 31, 2025 · § 214. . Jul 20, 2021 · U. The F-1 visa is an entry document, and must be valid on the date that you are entering the U. Dec 28, 2023 · Explore U. embassies and consulates, although extensions of stay and changes of status may be possible within the United States Aug 21, 2025 · The F1 visa is the primary US visa route for international students wishing to study full-time in the United States. May 21, 2025 · The F1 visa is a nonimmigrant visa specifically designed for international students who wish to study full-time at accredited academic institutions in the United States. The “F” category is for academic students and the “M” is for vocational students. The F-1 student visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows international students to enter the US to study. Student Visa is a type of visa issued by the United States government that allows a foreign student to legally enter the country to pursue a degree or other form of higher education at an accredited school or university. Oct 28, 2025 · Presently in the U. This visa is for students enrolled in academic programs or English language programs at U. Applicants can only apply for the F-1 visa after an accredited US education institution accepts the individuals application. F-1 students must maintain a full course of study. if you are in a student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), you can also make inquiries for an sevp f1 visa. Apr 2, 2025 · Academic Students in F-1 Nonimmigrant Status F-1 students may not work off-campus during the first academic year but may accept on-campus employment subject to certain conditions and restrictions. Schools petition for certification by means of the Form I-17, "Petition for Approval of School for Attendance by Nonimmigrant Student," in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). Before being permitted to visit the United States as a nonimmigrant, foreign citizens must prove their nonimmigrant intent. for academic or language training programs at accredited institutions. Feb 26, 2025 · In this example, the nonimmigrant intracompany transferee is subject to the INA 245 (c) (2) bar to adjustment due to the prior failure to continuously maintain nonimmigrant student status in 2011. F-1 nonimmigrant their academic in optional practical training to cross the picket line. The F-1 is not dual intent, but their Immigration Information Center: Visa, Green Card and Citizenship. Once admitted, the student receives a Form I-20 from the school, which is indispensable for the F-1 visa application. Jan 3, 2025 · The F1 visa is a non-immigrant visa that helps international students to continue their education in the US. 1 The Nonimmigrants: Who Can Study? General Notes: X=No; =Yes Only F and M students are limited to attendance at SEVP-certified schools. This visa is distinguished by its focus on academic, rather than vocational, educational pursuits. F1 students are expected to complete their studies by the expiration date on their I-20 form (Certificate of Eligibility for Non-immigrant Student Status) which is provided by the US college or university that the student has been accepted to and will attend. An F-2 nonimmigrant is a foreign national who is the spouse or qualifying child of an F-1 student. 135 and the first page of Form I-20 (Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status) as evidence of immigration status. e. Schools that qualify are listed below: elementary/junior high school high school language programs in an academic institution Mar 28, 2025 · F1 Visa Application Process Get Accepted into a SEVP-Approved School – Apply and receive a Form I-20 (Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status) from the school. It differs from the M1 visa category (study at a vocational or non-academic institution) and J1 (exchange viator) categories. The nonimmigrant academic student (F-1) classification allows a noncitizen to enter the United States as a full-time student at a college, university, seminary, conservatory, academic high school, elementary school, or other academic institution, or in a language training program. Apr 22, 2025 · The statute and regulations do not provide SEVP the authority to terminate nonimmigrant status by terminating a SEVIS record, and SEVP has never claimed that it had terminated the nonimmigrant status of [the students]. Aug 9, 2025 · 你是否正準備申請美國學生簽證,但不知該自己申請還是請代辦幫忙? 無論你是準備攻讀美國大學、碩士、或博士學位,還是學生家長,留美前輩DAFFY帶你手把手帶完整了解F1學生簽的申請步驟,邁向你的美國學習之旅第一步! Dec 23, 2024 · What is an F1 Student? The United States has always been a sought-after destination for international students, with millions of […] Because these two types of programs are different in nature, the types of benefits a nonimmigrant student may be eligible for and how long they may remain in the country depend on whether they are an F-1 or M-1 student. 2 (f) Academic and language students (f) Students in colleges, universities, seminaries, conservatories, academic high schools, elementary schools, other academic institutions, and in language training programs. 2 (f) (7) (ii), and 8 CFR 214. There are typically three options depending on that person’s status: see if they are eligible to attend classes without changing to F-1 status, apply for a new visa at a US embassy or consulate and then reenter, or file a USCIS form I-539 to change status within the US. Subsequently, the student must complete the non-immigrant visa application, Form DS-160. Department of State-designated Exchange Visitor Program sponsors and J-1 visa Jul 8, 2025 · All schools in the United States that enroll F and/or M nonimmigrant students must be certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). It also grants the student permission to work part-time in certain areas and to travel in and out of the country during their studies. Apr 8, 2025 · If you would like to study as a full-time student in the United States, you will generally need a student visa. Once you’ve been accepted, the school will issue a form called the I-20, which is your Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status. VisaPro’s experienced immigration attorneys will prepare and file all the required documents for academic or What is the F1 Student Visa? International students around the world who want to pursue their education in the United States can only do so after receiving any one of the three nonimmigrant US student visas. Pay the SEVIS Fee – Submit the $350 SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) fee. This includes universities, colleges, high schools, and language training programs. Eligible students can apply to receive up to 12 months of OPT employment authorization before completing their academic studies (pre-completion) and/or after completing their academic studies (post-completion). Sep 5, 2024 · The F1 visa is one of the most common non-immigrant visas issued by the United States, allowing international students to enter the U. Dec 20, 2023 · Background The F and M nonimmigrant categories are for noncitizens who wish to study in the United States. To take part in this program, you must obtain advance authorization for practical training. Jul 8, 2025 · The Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) is the web-based system that the U. S. Nov 30, 2023 · This institution must be certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). institution—from colleges and universities to language training programs—this visa category is mandatory. , or enroll in a language course, the F1 visa serves as your entry point to an American F-1 student visas are available for nonimmigrant students who are interested in pursuing academic studies at an accredited US college or university, private elementary school, seminary, conservatory, high school, language training program, or institution with a curriculum of accredited college or university courses. F-1 visas are only issued at a U. The F-1 student visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows F-1 students abroad to pursue academic studies in the United States at an accredited US college or university. Jun 11, 2025 · What is US F-1 student Visa The F-1 Visa is a non-immigrant Visa that permits international students to live and study full-time in the United States at SEVP-approved institutions. For students engaged full-time in a program at an approved U. Feb 26, 2025 · The nonimmigrant academic student (F-1) classification allows an alien to enter the United States as a full-time student at a U. The F1 visa is a vital gateway for international students seeking academic opportunities in the United States. Learn about F-1, J-1, M-1 visa types, requirements, application steps, and expert tips for international students! Explanation of how to obtain F-1 student status through travel and re-entry or a change of status within the U. Welcome! The first step in applying for a U. college or university. This document can only be issued by a school certified by the Students and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), which is a program under the US Apr 11, 2024 · Crew member (D nonimmigrant visa) In transit through the United States (C nonimmigrant visa) Fiancé of a U. If you are an exchange visitor in the USA and wish to study there, you can change from j1 to f1. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). , 12 credits for undergraduates and nine credits for graduate students. Maintaining F1 status requires adherence to stringent regulations enforced by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), a component of U. university. The F1 visa is a type of nonimmigrant US student visa that allows foreign nationals to study in the United States. college, university, seminary, conservatory, academic high school, private elementary school, other academic institution, or in a language training program. However, these nonimmigrants must abide by the rules of their Jan 24, 2025 · If you wish to pursue full-time academic or vocational studies in the United States, you may be eligible for one of two nonimmigrant student categories. Mar 12, 2025 · M-1 Visa: The M-1 visa is a nonimmigrant student visa program that allows foreign nationals to study at non-academic vocational or technical schools in the United States. educational institutions. It is the most popular type of student visas for individuals seeking to study at US university or college. Of these US student visas, the most commonly sought student visa is the F1 student visa. , and it is one of the most commonly What is an F-1 Visa? F-1 Visas are for students looking to enter a school for academic study with the intent of obtaining a degree, diploma, or certificate. After you submit your application, you can move on to the next steps such as scheduling your interview. (OPT) employment. The F1 visa is a non-immigrant visa designed especially for overseas students who want to continue their education in the US. An F1 student visa is intended for students who wish to attend an academic program or English Language Program at a US college or university. to engage in full-time course of study and pursue an educational degree. " The Form I-20, "Certificate of Eligibility for All F and M students that study in the United States need a Form I-20, “Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status. These visas are commonly known as the F and M visas. The F1 visa is a student visa that is given to international students who want to attend educational institutions in the United States. An Jul 9, 2025 · Read the complete 2025 guide to US student visas. The Visa Office has changed its methodology for calculating visa data beginning with the Fiscal Year (FY) 2019 annual Report of the Visa Office and continuing with FY 2020 data, to reflect the greater access to application-level data attained during FY 2019. Important: Before You Start Learn about Types of Visas. Our previous methodology was based on a count of workload actions Jan 10, 2025 · The F-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa designed for students enrolled in full-time academic or language programs at accredited U. college, university, or other school and switching your immigration status to “student?” Submitting a “change of status” application could be a good option. 3 (k), 8 CFR 214. to study in full-time degree programs. Nov 25, 2024 · Optional practical training (OPT) is temporary employment that is directly related to an F-1 student’s major area of study. Jul 21, 2024 · Essential F-1 Visa Application Forms include Form I-20, DS-160, SEVIS Fee payment proof, and required financial documents for student visas. The Form I-20 (also known as the Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (F-1) Student Status-For Academic and Language Students) is a United States Department of Homeland Security, specifically ICE and the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), document issued by SEVP-certified schools (colleges, universities, and vocational schools) that provides supporting information on a student Students Studying in The United States F-1 Student Visa Process The F-1 visa is a nonimmigrant, student visa that enables international students to enter the U. Because F2 nonimmigrant status is tied to an F1 student’s maintaining his or her status, the failure of an F1 student to maintain status results in any F2 derivatives also falling out of status. You may enter in the F-1 or M-1 visa category provided you meet the following criteria: You must be enrolled in an "academic" educational The F-1 student visa is the most common visa for students wanting to study in the United States. As one of the most popular non-immigrant visas, the F1 visa enables students to pursue full-time education at accredited U. F1 visa category is reserved for academic students enrolled in colleges, universities, high schools, language training programs, and other academic institutions. Dec 25, 2024 · F1 students, also known as F1 non-immigrant visa students, are international students who come to the United States to pursue a full-time course of study at an accredited U. You must have a student visa to travel to the United States to study. An F-1 status holder is a non-immigrant allowed to remain in the U. qixu 9oul girg5 6u7n c3rtn msxjiqa nuyzf 6xe dpn8h uie1c